In order to deeply understand the difference of the occurrence conditions of different types of severe convective weather under the influence of cold vortex, different types of severe convective processes in Shandong Province on 13 June 2016 (process I) and 13 June 2018 (process II) which were dominated by short-term heavy rainfall and hail and extreme gale respectively were compared and analyzed based on the aerological and surface meteorological observation data, Doppler radar data, wind profiler radar data and the fifth generation atmospheric reanalysis ERA5 from European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF). The results are as follows: (1) In process I, which was dominated by short-term heavy rainfall, the precipitation efficiency was high. The echo centroid height was comparatively low in its developing stage, and a high precipitation supercell formed in its mature stage, the strongest precipitation occurred near the mesocyclone. In process II, which was dominated by hail and extreme gale, the intensity of thunderstorm gale was extreme, the convection storm developed deep, and the strong echo above 60 dBZ developed above the -20 ℃ layer and continued, playing an important role in the occurrence of large hail. The strong gales during the two processes appeared in the front of the bow echo reflectivity factor core and the rear flank downdraft (RFD) of the supercells. (2) In process I, the instability condition is moderate. The southwest airflow cooperated with the wet area to humidify the lower layers, and the near saturated layer was formed from 950 hPa to 850 hPa and thickened, the dry layer was above 500 hPa, forming the stratification of dry in the upper level and wet in the lower level, which was conducive to short-term heavy rainfall, and the convections were triggered at the superposition of the surface convergence line and the tip of the surface moisture tongue. In process II, the thermal and dynamic instabilities are strong, and the mid-tropospheric jet and the prominent dry layer from 800 hPa to 600 hPa provided favorable conditions for the formation of thunderstorm gales and the growth of hails. The triggering mechanism of process II was a warm front, which was deeper than the system of process I. Different environmental conditions of the two processes lead to the different types of convective weathers.